Environmental protection issues in the production and use of steel drums
Environmental protection issues in the production and use of steel drums
Yang Wenliang
In recent years, steel drums, as a major branch of the packaging industry, have developed greatly, but at the same time they have produced a lot of environmental pollution. It exists not only in the steel drum itself, but also in the production process and use of the steel drum. Therefore, developing green packaging and reducing environmental pollution will be a major direction for the development of steel drum packaging in China. This paper presents the environmental protection issues currently existing in China's steel drum industry. These topics are part of the discussion at the National Green Packaging Seminar.
1, steel drum quality
The most serious quality problem of steel drums is leakage, which has attracted the attention and research of many barrel experts, but it has not yet been solved. () The contents of steel drums are varied, including food and petroleum products. There are chemical raw materials, medicines, etc., and some are highly toxic; some are easy to react with the outside world to cause corrosion or pollution; some are flammable and explosive... For many years, due to the leakage of steel drums, I don’t know how many The accident caused much environmental pollution.
2. Steel drum structure
As far as environmental protection is concerned, there are still many shortcomings in China's steel drum structure. Although the national standards have been revised several times, they are concluded. There is no innovation in construction, and it still needs to be improved and improved. For example, the problem of leaving residues in steel drums not only causes pollution but also causes waste. Another example is the weathering and explosion of calcium carbide packaging barrels during storage and transportation. First, it causes air pollution, and then wastes and safety problems.
3. Steel drum thinning
In recent years, some developed countries have taken the lead in the use of ultra-thin steel plates to make steel drums, so that steel drums have been used once, and China has begun to adopt them. This is mainly for the purpose of environmental protection, and secondly to save raw materials, it will be followed: the strength of steel drums, leakage problems are more difficult to deal with. This is a contradiction. The international counterparts are also trying to solve this contradiction. The new international standard is re-established based on this.
4. Steel drum coating material
Over the years, the coatings of steel drums in China have not been much developed, but they have been improved from the coating process. Although many environmental pollution routes have been reduced, the pollution caused by the coating process is still in the production of steel drums. A major drawback. In order to eliminate the pollution caused by coatings, many new environmentally friendly coatings have appeared in recent years. The use and popularity of these new coatings is currently a more important topic.
5. Bucket welding edge treatment process
The welding of the barrel body is to pre-treat the seam of the barrel seam before the seam welding. The purpose is to eliminate the oxides and oil stains on the edge to facilitate seam welding. At present, most domestic manufacturers still use the edging process, which is quite backward. There are deafening noises in production, there are diffuse flying dust, smog and smog... There are also several more advanced processes, but overall it is not mature enough, and there are special improvements.
6. Seam welding process
In a general sense, the seam welding process has little impact on the environment, but some abnormal production methods waste a lot of fresh water resources, so it cannot be said that it has nothing to do with environmental protection. The seam welder requires cooling water. According to standardized production, the seam welder must be equipped with a circulating water tank. But in fact, we found that many barrel companies do not have cooling water tanks, but the cooling water is discharged after one-time use, resulting in a lot of waste of fresh water.
7. Steel drum coating production
Steel drum coating production is one of the most harmful to the environment in the production process of steel drums. The large amount of waste water, waste gas and waste residue generated by steel drum coating mainly come from chemical treatment processes such as degreasing, descaling, phosphating and passivation on the surface before painting. The scattering of solvent and paint mist from the coating process comes from the drying process of the paint. The solvent evaporates. The three wastes in the coating production process are serious to environmental pollution and operation and hazards if they are not effectively and properly managed. They are not allowed by the National Environmental Protection Law and the Labor Safety and Health Law, and various effective measures are taken. In accordance with the provisions of the State's relevant environmental protection laws, comprehensive management shall be carried out to minimize or substantially eliminate the environmental pollution and human health hazards of the three painted wastes.
8. Use of the closure
Steel drums have different types of contents, and most of them cause different degrees of pollution after leakage. In some seals, the gasket is easy to react with the contents, so that the sealing performance is reduced or disappeared, thereby causing leakage; some of them do not pay attention to the change of the climate thermal expansion and contraction when the contents are contained, so that the steel is produced. Positive pressure or negative pressure causes deformation or leakage; when the calcium carbide drum is filled with nitrogen, the air in the barrel is not cleaned or the sealer fails, resulting in weathering and environmental pollution...
9. Steel drum storage and transportation process
The leakage of steel drums in use is mostly related to uncivilized loading and unloading. Due to improper loading and unloading, the steel drum collides, falls and deforms, and leaks. This causes pollution. The correct storage of steel drums is not allowed to stand up in the open space. In addition to the damage caused by the wind and sun and rain, the effect of thermal expansion and contraction on the sealing performance of the steel drum is more important. It is also easy to accumulate rainwater on the steel roof and penetrate into the barrel through the poorly sealed barrel mouth, causing the contents to be contaminated. Due to the poor structure of the barrel mouth, the contents are not clean, and whether the steel is reused or not, it will cause new pollution.
10. Waste steel drum
There are generally three methods for recycling used steel drums. One is to clean the strips, strip, shape, repaint and continue to use them. Second, use old barrel sheets to make other products; third, use used steel drums. After melting, it is cast into steel ingots. At present, there are some enterprises engaged in the renovation of old barrels in China, and technology and equipment are also being developed. However, there are still a large number of three wastes in the main cleaning, stripping and recoating processes. This is to be treated as carefully as the three waste treatments mentioned above, otherwise it will cause new environmental pollution. Some enterprises will carry out the old barrel chiseling and use other methods such as stamping to make other products. In this recycling process, if the waste still needs to be cleaned and stripped, attention should also be paid to the treatment of the three wastes. The main method of recycling used steel drums is to melt the waste barrels and other ingredients into steel ingots. Since there are few residual contents in the waste steel drums, some of them are decomposed into carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide and some become melted at the high temperature of melting. Slag, which in turn creates new environmental pollution. However, large steel mills have some experience in melting scrap steel and have a more scientific approach. There is little chance of causing pollution. However, for small steel melting plants, the treatment of three wastes remains a problem to be solved.
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