Neurological studies reveal plasticity of retinal synapse function during development

"Neuron" magazine published a research paper titled "Long-term enhancement of excitatory synaptic function in the retina of zebrafish during the developmental stage of zebrafish" published on August 9 by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Neuroscience . This work used in vivo research methods and found for the first time that retinal synapse function has the ability of long-term potentiation (LTP) during development. This work was mainly completed by doctoral student Wei Hongping under the guidance of Researcher Du Jiulin.

LTP is considered to be one of the synaptic mechanisms of empirically-dependent neural circuit modification in animal learning / memory and development. Although a large number of studies have found that visual experience and neural activity are crucial to the formation of retinal neural circuits during development, it is still a mystery whether LTP exists in the retina.

This work uses zebrafish as a model animal and uses in vivo whole-cell electrophysiology and in vivo two-photon imaging techniques to study whether LTP exists in the developing retina on the whole animal. First, the authors found that in zebrafish 3 to 6 days after birth, high-frequency electrical pulse stimulation can induce LTP at the level of excitatory synapses from bipolar cells to retinal ganglion cells. However, it is not possible in animals of 15 to 20 days; the induction of LTP requires the activation of NMDA receptors after synapse. Second, the expression of this LTP involves presynaptic changes, including a long-term increase in the calcium response at the axon terminal of bipolar cells; an increase in the frequency of microexcitatory post-synaptic current (mEPSC); the ratio of paired pulses of post-synaptic current (PPR) and coefficient of variation (CV) reduction, etc. Pharmacological experiments show that these presynaptic changes are mainly mediated by the synaptic reverse signaling molecule arachidonic acid. Further functional experiments found that repeated light stimulation can also induce LTP at the same level of synapses, and that LTP induced by electrical stimulation and different types of light stimulation can effectively increase the response of ganglion cells to light.

This work clarified for the first time that LTP does exist in the retina during development, providing a synaptic mechanism for the modification and development of visual neural circuits caused by visual experience.

The research work was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology "973" and major scientific research programs, the Chinese Academy of Sciences "Hundred Talents Program", the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission "Pujiang Talents" program and major basic research projects.

(A) Schematic diagram of in vivo electrophysiological recording and visual stimulation system of juvenile zebrafish retina. R is the recording electrode; S is the stimulation electrode. (B) Research conclusion model.

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