Dual interface CPU card - the latest development trend of IC card
Abstract: Contact smart cards expose some unavoidable weaknesses in the process of popularization. The development of dual interface smart cards is the latest trend. This article introduced the basic concepts and technical difficulties of dual-interface smart cards, and also introduced the structure, technical characteristics, and application scope of the same-party dual-interface CPU card.
one. Foreword With the rapid development of technology and economy, people's economic and information exchanges are becoming more and more frequent, and the amount of information is increasing. The existing contact smart cards can no longer meet the fast-paced needs of the modern society. Although it has played an irreplaceable role in our lives, it has exposed its inevitable weaknesses in the process of the popularity of contact smart cards:
· The wear and tear of contact smart cards and card equipment due to the harsh environment of use has led to an increase in misreading and misreading rates.
· Error in transmitting data due to poor contact.
· When using a contact smart card at a high frequency within a unit time, wait for a long time due to the low speed of the card.
Contactless smart card, also known as radio frequency card, it completely encapsulates the chip and antenna inside the card. The surface of this card has no contacts and communicates with the reader through electromagnetic induction. Compared with contact smart cards, contactless cards have the following advantages:
· High reliability - No exposed chip on the non-contact card surface, avoiding physical damage due to contact with the chip and facilitating card printing.
· Easy and quick to operate - The reader can operate the card from any direction within a certain distance, flexible and diverse configuration. The reader can handle multiple smart cards at the same time.
· Good encryption performance - The contactless card must be authenticated with the reader three times before processing, and all data is encrypted during the communication process.
The contactless smart card is the leading edge technology of the current international smart card. At present, the contactless smart card can be roughly divided into a logical encryption card and a CPU card according to different integrated circuits in the card. Because the CPU card is more secure than the logic circuit encryption card, the file management in the card is more efficient, and the way of realizing various functions is more flexible. The non-contact logic encryption card meets the TYPE A standard and occupies most markets, and the non-contact CPU card The TYPE B standard is generally used.
two. Dual Interface CPU Card So far, the smart card field is basically designed and installed in the contact card application system. The original large number of contact smart card systems cannot immediately transition to the non-contact smart card system; in the environment where the RF signal interference is strong, it is not touched. Smart cards do not work properly. Thus, a dual-interface smart card, a combination smart card with a contactless smart card and a contactless smart card interface function on one chip, is produced.
There are three types of dual interface cards:
1. The contact smart card system and the contactless smart card system are only physically combined into one card and two EEPROMs. The two systems are independent of each other.
2. The contact smart card system and the contactless smart card system operate independently from each other, but share some storage space in the card.
3. The contact smart card system and the contactless smart card system are completely integrated, and the contact and non-contact operating states are the same, sharing one CPU management.
Of the three dual-interface IC cards, only the last dual-interface IC card is a true non-contact dual-interface CPU card. China Billings Tongfang Smart Card Company (hereinafter referred to as Zhongtong Company) cooperates with Samsung and OTI to develop a successful dual-interface CPU card, which is a dual-interface CPU card in the true sense.
three. Dual-interface CPU card technical difficulties in the same company's technical personnel found in the practice of dual-interface CPU card design and production process there are some technical difficulties. These key technologies include:
1. Power Sources - Dual Interface IC Cards are a combination of RF technology and contact card technology. In non-contact applications, due to the limitation of the size of the card, the internal interface of the dual-interface CPU card does not have a battery, and it needs to be powered by the read/write device through a wireless manner, and the DC voltage required by the chip is generated by the voltage regulator circuit in the card; The antenna also needs a special design. For touch applications, the power provided by the contact reader port is used.
2. Non-contact signal conversion - After receiving the RF signal, the card antenna decodes the RF signal through an OTI programmable antenna interface integrated in the microprocessor and converts it into a signal that can be recognized by the microprocessor. The antenna interface then modulates the data returned by the processor and passes the RF signal to the read-write device.
3. Anti-collision (automatic resolution function) - In non-contact applications, misreading occurs when multiple cards enter the operating area at the same time. Only one card can be allowed to enter or sleep other and wake up one by one. When a card completes an operation without leaving the operating area or another card enters, it does not affect other cards that have entered the operating area.
4. Low-power consumption - Card chip uses low-voltage low-power CMOS process technology and sleep mode and other technologies to reduce power consumption.
5. Package - Due to the need to package antennas, chips, and off-chip capacitors in dual interface cards, unique packaging techniques are required to ensure card size, thickness, flexibility, and reliability.
6. Security - The dual interface card combines the physical security technology of the chip, the security technology of the card manufacturing, and the communication security technology of the card to form the security system of the card to ensure the security of the card from production to use.
four. In the true sense of the dual-interface CPU card, the company established a good partnership with South Korea's Samsung Semiconductor and Israel's OTI, and developed a ZTCOS operating system based on the Sino-banknote Tongfang dual-interface CPU card.
The KS88C92008 microprocessor of South Korea's Samsung Company, which is used in the Sino-banknote Tongfang dual-interface CPU card, contains a dedicated SAM87RC eight-bit CPU developed for the dual-interface CPU card with low power consumption, a register-oriented addressing structure, and easy programming. Fast location, flexible instruction set and good electromagnetic compatibility. The structure of this CPU is as follows:
The company uses Israel's OTI microprocessor-based advanced radio frequency CPU card technology. Its core is a non-contact data transmission method for card and read-write antenna. This method uses low-frequency electromagnetic waves to transfer energy and exchange data to the card without physical contact. , distance can be 15cm.
The dual-interface CPU card of the company with the company has good compatibility. Whether using contactless or contactless smart card reading and writing equipment, it is convenient to perform the same operation on the card. A seamless transition between contact and contactless systems can be realized.
Fives. Dual interface CPU card technical characteristics CPU Technical Characteristics 8-bit CMOS Low Power CPU (SAM87RC)
24K Bytes ROM
512 Bytes RAM
8K Bytes EEPROM
Automatic recognition processing mode (contact, non-contact)
Non-contact part supports IOS/ICE14443 TYPE B protocol operating frequency 13.56MHz
Transmission rate 106Kbps per second
Software implements conflict control contact section operating voltage 2.7~5.5V
Support ISO-7816 T=0, T=1 Communication Protocol Operating Frequency 1~5MHz
Other contact characteristics conform to ISO7816
Operating temperature -25. C ~ +70. C
2. COS features:
Supports multiple files: binary files, fixed-length log files, variable-length log files, circular files support multi-level directory structure support electronic wallet, electronic passbook function support digital signature algorithm support Triple DES, DES and other encryption algorithms, and supports user-specific Security encryption algorithm download support line encryption, line security function can be used as a 'firewall' between the different applications within the security module card. The speciality of the key in the card supports PIN verification, KEY authentication, data encryption, MAC authentication The operating system ZTCOS of the dual interface card is mainly divided into the following five modules according to functions: input/output module, memory management module, command interpretation module, security management module, and file management module.
The dual interface CPU card is a safe and convenient information carrier. In order to give full play to the functions of the dual-interface CPU card, the company continuously expands and perfects various support tools around the banknote Tongfang dual-interface CPU card in practice, including the development of general-purpose card issuance systems, various libraries and controls, etc. Application system solutions and so on.
six. The scope of application of the dual interface card with various public transport systems, such as buses, trams, subways, taxis and so on.
A variety of toll systems, such as highways, bridge tolls, docks, port berthing, parking fees, comprehensive entertainment venues, etc.
Various access management systems, post management, attendance management, access control management, etc.
Various prepaid applications such as telephone, electricity meters, gas meters, water meters, etc.
Various ticket purchase occasions, such as parks, cinemas, airports, train stations, docks.
Various personnel item management fields. Such as traffic police management, drivers, logistics management, traffic management, meal consumption management, library management, etc.
Various financial transaction areas. It can be used in banks with higher security requirements, postal services, telecommunications, securities trading, shopping malls, entertainment venues, etc.
Various fields that require encryption and authentication. Can be used for mobile phone SIM card, e-commerce transaction security authentication card, electronic funds transfer card, software encryption card, security card, anti-theft card.
Various identification areas. It can be used for identification (ID) identification cards, production line parts monitoring cards, cargo management cards, social insurance cards, medical insurance cards, business management cards, patent cards, tax declaration cards, medical records, and various discount cards.
The use of dual interface cards with dual information exchange methods can make full use of the existing contact card system to add a small amount of non-contact charging equipment to build a safe and efficient card consumption system. If the development company cooperates with the financial department to use financial ATMs to transfer the money from the bank account into the dual interface card, it will save the cost of establishing the respective charging points of different systems. Some small transactions, such as public transport system fees; parks, cinema tickets; highway parking fees, fines, etc. Big deals can be made using more secure contact devices.
one. Foreword With the rapid development of technology and economy, people's economic and information exchanges are becoming more and more frequent, and the amount of information is increasing. The existing contact smart cards can no longer meet the fast-paced needs of the modern society. Although it has played an irreplaceable role in our lives, it has exposed its inevitable weaknesses in the process of the popularity of contact smart cards:
· The wear and tear of contact smart cards and card equipment due to the harsh environment of use has led to an increase in misreading and misreading rates.
· Error in transmitting data due to poor contact.
· When using a contact smart card at a high frequency within a unit time, wait for a long time due to the low speed of the card.
Contactless smart card, also known as radio frequency card, it completely encapsulates the chip and antenna inside the card. The surface of this card has no contacts and communicates with the reader through electromagnetic induction. Compared with contact smart cards, contactless cards have the following advantages:
· High reliability - No exposed chip on the non-contact card surface, avoiding physical damage due to contact with the chip and facilitating card printing.
· Easy and quick to operate - The reader can operate the card from any direction within a certain distance, flexible and diverse configuration. The reader can handle multiple smart cards at the same time.
· Good encryption performance - The contactless card must be authenticated with the reader three times before processing, and all data is encrypted during the communication process.
The contactless smart card is the leading edge technology of the current international smart card. At present, the contactless smart card can be roughly divided into a logical encryption card and a CPU card according to different integrated circuits in the card. Because the CPU card is more secure than the logic circuit encryption card, the file management in the card is more efficient, and the way of realizing various functions is more flexible. The non-contact logic encryption card meets the TYPE A standard and occupies most markets, and the non-contact CPU card The TYPE B standard is generally used.
two. Dual Interface CPU Card So far, the smart card field is basically designed and installed in the contact card application system. The original large number of contact smart card systems cannot immediately transition to the non-contact smart card system; in the environment where the RF signal interference is strong, it is not touched. Smart cards do not work properly. Thus, a dual-interface smart card, a combination smart card with a contactless smart card and a contactless smart card interface function on one chip, is produced.
There are three types of dual interface cards:
1. The contact smart card system and the contactless smart card system are only physically combined into one card and two EEPROMs. The two systems are independent of each other.
2. The contact smart card system and the contactless smart card system operate independently from each other, but share some storage space in the card.
3. The contact smart card system and the contactless smart card system are completely integrated, and the contact and non-contact operating states are the same, sharing one CPU management.
Of the three dual-interface IC cards, only the last dual-interface IC card is a true non-contact dual-interface CPU card. China Billings Tongfang Smart Card Company (hereinafter referred to as Zhongtong Company) cooperates with Samsung and OTI to develop a successful dual-interface CPU card, which is a dual-interface CPU card in the true sense.
three. Dual-interface CPU card technical difficulties in the same company's technical personnel found in the practice of dual-interface CPU card design and production process there are some technical difficulties. These key technologies include:
1. Power Sources - Dual Interface IC Cards are a combination of RF technology and contact card technology. In non-contact applications, due to the limitation of the size of the card, the internal interface of the dual-interface CPU card does not have a battery, and it needs to be powered by the read/write device through a wireless manner, and the DC voltage required by the chip is generated by the voltage regulator circuit in the card; The antenna also needs a special design. For touch applications, the power provided by the contact reader port is used.
2. Non-contact signal conversion - After receiving the RF signal, the card antenna decodes the RF signal through an OTI programmable antenna interface integrated in the microprocessor and converts it into a signal that can be recognized by the microprocessor. The antenna interface then modulates the data returned by the processor and passes the RF signal to the read-write device.
3. Anti-collision (automatic resolution function) - In non-contact applications, misreading occurs when multiple cards enter the operating area at the same time. Only one card can be allowed to enter or sleep other and wake up one by one. When a card completes an operation without leaving the operating area or another card enters, it does not affect other cards that have entered the operating area.
4. Low-power consumption - Card chip uses low-voltage low-power CMOS process technology and sleep mode and other technologies to reduce power consumption.
5. Package - Due to the need to package antennas, chips, and off-chip capacitors in dual interface cards, unique packaging techniques are required to ensure card size, thickness, flexibility, and reliability.
6. Security - The dual interface card combines the physical security technology of the chip, the security technology of the card manufacturing, and the communication security technology of the card to form the security system of the card to ensure the security of the card from production to use.
four. In the true sense of the dual-interface CPU card, the company established a good partnership with South Korea's Samsung Semiconductor and Israel's OTI, and developed a ZTCOS operating system based on the Sino-banknote Tongfang dual-interface CPU card.
The KS88C92008 microprocessor of South Korea's Samsung Company, which is used in the Sino-banknote Tongfang dual-interface CPU card, contains a dedicated SAM87RC eight-bit CPU developed for the dual-interface CPU card with low power consumption, a register-oriented addressing structure, and easy programming. Fast location, flexible instruction set and good electromagnetic compatibility. The structure of this CPU is as follows:
The company uses Israel's OTI microprocessor-based advanced radio frequency CPU card technology. Its core is a non-contact data transmission method for card and read-write antenna. This method uses low-frequency electromagnetic waves to transfer energy and exchange data to the card without physical contact. , distance can be 15cm.
The dual-interface CPU card of the company with the company has good compatibility. Whether using contactless or contactless smart card reading and writing equipment, it is convenient to perform the same operation on the card. A seamless transition between contact and contactless systems can be realized.
Fives. Dual interface CPU card technical characteristics CPU Technical Characteristics 8-bit CMOS Low Power CPU (SAM87RC)
24K Bytes ROM
512 Bytes RAM
8K Bytes EEPROM
Automatic recognition processing mode (contact, non-contact)
Non-contact part supports IOS/ICE14443 TYPE B protocol operating frequency 13.56MHz
Transmission rate 106Kbps per second
Software implements conflict control contact section operating voltage 2.7~5.5V
Support ISO-7816 T=0, T=1 Communication Protocol Operating Frequency 1~5MHz
Other contact characteristics conform to ISO7816
Operating temperature -25. C ~ +70. C
2. COS features:
Supports multiple files: binary files, fixed-length log files, variable-length log files, circular files support multi-level directory structure support electronic wallet, electronic passbook function support digital signature algorithm support Triple DES, DES and other encryption algorithms, and supports user-specific Security encryption algorithm download support line encryption, line security function can be used as a 'firewall' between the different applications within the security module card. The speciality of the key in the card supports PIN verification, KEY authentication, data encryption, MAC authentication The operating system ZTCOS of the dual interface card is mainly divided into the following five modules according to functions: input/output module, memory management module, command interpretation module, security management module, and file management module.
The dual interface CPU card is a safe and convenient information carrier. In order to give full play to the functions of the dual-interface CPU card, the company continuously expands and perfects various support tools around the banknote Tongfang dual-interface CPU card in practice, including the development of general-purpose card issuance systems, various libraries and controls, etc. Application system solutions and so on.
six. The scope of application of the dual interface card with various public transport systems, such as buses, trams, subways, taxis and so on.
A variety of toll systems, such as highways, bridge tolls, docks, port berthing, parking fees, comprehensive entertainment venues, etc.
Various access management systems, post management, attendance management, access control management, etc.
Various prepaid applications such as telephone, electricity meters, gas meters, water meters, etc.
Various ticket purchase occasions, such as parks, cinemas, airports, train stations, docks.
Various personnel item management fields. Such as traffic police management, drivers, logistics management, traffic management, meal consumption management, library management, etc.
Various financial transaction areas. It can be used in banks with higher security requirements, postal services, telecommunications, securities trading, shopping malls, entertainment venues, etc.
Various fields that require encryption and authentication. Can be used for mobile phone SIM card, e-commerce transaction security authentication card, electronic funds transfer card, software encryption card, security card, anti-theft card.
Various identification areas. It can be used for identification (ID) identification cards, production line parts monitoring cards, cargo management cards, social insurance cards, medical insurance cards, business management cards, patent cards, tax declaration cards, medical records, and various discount cards.
The use of dual interface cards with dual information exchange methods can make full use of the existing contact card system to add a small amount of non-contact charging equipment to build a safe and efficient card consumption system. If the development company cooperates with the financial department to use financial ATMs to transfer the money from the bank account into the dual interface card, it will save the cost of establishing the respective charging points of different systems. Some small transactions, such as public transport system fees; parks, cinema tickets; highway parking fees, fines, etc. Big deals can be made using more secure contact devices.