Technical communication: Three steps of color management for design proofing

Because different devices (scanners, monitors, printers, printing presses) treat colors differently, their respective gamut spaces are also different, so there is bound to be a phenomenon of color mismatch. For any device, there must be some colors outside its gamut.

Ideally, color should maintain color stability and predictability throughout the design and printing process. But this kind of color requirement can not be realized naturally, and the color management system (CMS) can overcome this problem and help people achieve the required color stability and predictability.

CMS manages the color gamut space of different devices in the workflow, converts the scanned RGB color data into CMYK data, and can also convert CMYK data into CMYK values ​​suitable for different output devices for color proofing or actual printing.

The foundation of color management is to ensure that all devices are in the color reproduction system. To achieve the goal of color management, it is necessary to go through three color management steps: equipment calibration, characterization calibration and color gamut conversion.

Device calibration, some people think that the term "device calibration" refers to all steps to obtain accurate colors, which may mean that the copied colors are calibrated to match the original colors. But in fact, calibrating the device is just one of the three steps of color management. Calibration of the device itself does not guarantee the matching of colors. It only calibrates the performance of the device itself, and only guarantees the device (eg: scanner, display, printer) Reaching its prescribed targets provides a way to ensure that it will work steadily for a period of time.

Characterized calibration (PRoFiliNg): It is a way to measure and quantify the color space, color gamut, and color characteristics of a specific device under known conditions. It is used to determine how an input device or an output device collects colors or records colors during calibration. Characterized calibration is the process of actually generating device description files for your scanner, monitor, printer, etc.

To achieve the characteristic calibration, the device itself needs to be equipped with a high-performance color sensor, and the color management software that cooperates with it can carry out the true characteristic calibration; otherwise, these devices must use a separate calibration device (such as a tone meter, etc.) , In conjunction with color management software, can achieve characteristic calibration.

Color gamut conversion (color transfer): This is the process of converting the image color from the color gamut data of one device to the color gamut data of another device. Through color management software (commonly known as RTP software), color gamut conversion can be achieved manually or automatically. Converting between color gamuts of different devices is commonly referred to as color gamut mapping.

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