Steel drum structure improvement ideas
Steel drum structure improvement ideas
Luo Weinan
Today, in-depth advocacy and promotion of "harmony between man and nature" and the implementation of "sustainable development" have become the consensus of the world. All walks of life are deeply studying the use of advanced technology to transform traditional industries and improve the development and development of traditional products without pollution." Green "products, the implementation of conservation and protection of the environment at the end of development, in the development and innovation to seek savings, environmental protection, to promote development and innovation.
Steel drums are a worldwide traditional product, especially for packaging of "dangerous" goods. In the 1980s, the world's seal edge structure was successfully improved, and the product quality has been improved. In the 1990s, some foreign industrialized countries applied laser technology to the welding process of products. The application of non-condensable laser technology will have a historic impact on the quality of straight seam welding of steel drums. The technological equipment and product structure of the steel drum production have been improved to a certain extent, so that the product quality has been significantly improved, but it is not enough. In particular, China's steel drum manufacturing industry must be the "harmonious development of man and nature" and "economic sustainable development", the necessary structural integrity (if possible) of the product structure, so that the product structure is more suitable The need for economic development.
The improvement of the steel drum structure is an extensive improvement. It involves international versatility and international recognition in the international trade. It involves the quality of thin metal in the metallurgical industry and the structure and function of the welding machine in the electromechanical manufacturing industry. Improvements and breakthroughs, innovative development and development of steel drum sealers and production accessories, etc., must be consistently conformed to and meet the requirements of the ISO 668 standard and the new "International Dangerous Regulations" in product improvement.
According to the comparison with foreign steel drums, in addition to the closure and curling of steel drums in China, there are still different specifications and wall thickness differences, such as the US 200-liter steel drum, the specification is Φ572X880, ring ribs. The height is 12 mm, the wall thickness is 1 mm, etc. (The data is an example of the DOT17E-STC steel drum on June 9, 83). Our steel drums are generally over-packaged. Of course, this is in line with the requirements of foreign importers. "related. In addition, the surface anti-corrosion treatment of foreign steel drums is generally painted, and most of our export steel drums are electroplated (or directly made of galvanized sheets). This steel drum anti-corrosion treatment method not only causes air, water quality and soil. The pollution has also brought about technical difficulties and secondary pollution to the recycling and recycling of steel drums. For this reason, the author has made a description of the improvement of the steel drum structure (the existing design scheme).
First, the barrel top structure
After the top of the barrel is combined with the barrel and the bottom of the barrel, in addition to meeting the comprehensive function of the steel drum, its structural form must meet the emptying requirements of the steel drum. According to Mr. Yang Wenliang's "On the development trend of steel drum structure", in the "Steel Standards for Steel Barrels, which were introduced not long ago, the emptying capacity of steel drums was proposed as an important quality indicator, but also The evacuation test method for steel drums is specified in detail. The influence of the top of the flat bucket on the emptying capacity of the steel drum has not been studied, but "no matter how the steel drum is tilted, the liquid in the bucket is always not clean", which is an objective description and conclusion. This drawback is not only related to the structure of the steel drum closure, the distance between the closure and the wall of the barrel, but also closely related to the structural form of the top. The structure of the top of the barrel is considered to be designed (as shown in Figure 1). A depth of 7.0 ± 0.50 mm, a width of 10 to 12 mm, and a radius of the bottom of the barrel are R = 1 along the circumference of the barrel (to fit the body). The 5.0 mm oblique trapezoidal round solitary column makes the top of the barrel a truncated cone. The center of the top of the bucket is an arch that is convex upward by 3.0 ± 0.50 mm. The traditional flat type can also be used. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the top of the barrel at the edge of the truncated cone is 8±1.0 mm. The design seems to have a slight lack of strength at the bottom edge of the top edge of the barrel 10 to 15 mm, but it is due to the top surface. In the shape, the resilience (tension) of the material is transmitted to the joint of the top of the barrel and the barrel through the truncated cone slope, which not only does not weaken the strength of the lower edge of the bead, but the strength of the paragraph is instead improved. Therefore, it is fully guaranteed for the development of the thickness of the barrel top to the thinning.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the top of the barrel
Program advantages:
l. Give full play to the effect of material tension and increase the strength of the top of the barrel, which is conducive to the development of thinner steel materials;
2. Conducive to the accumulation of water and drainage when the steel drum is placed in the open air to reduce the corrosion of the steel drum;
3. It is beneficial to concentrate the emptying of the materials in the barrel, and the closure is strengthened as far as possible into the top of the barrel, and the residue in the barrel is basically completely drained.
Second, the barrel
The barrel body is an important retaining member for the steel drum to protect the quality of the packaged material. Its function requires that the weld strength is not lower than the strength and no leakage of the coffin, and the corresponding rigidity. When the heavy bucket is still placed, its force is uniform and there is no potential deformation. However, due to the sloshing impact of the contents during rolling, the force state of the barrel wall is broken, but its bearing capacity is reduced. In order to ensure and improve the carrying capacity of the barrel, it is necessary to add two ring ribs and several corrugated ribs on the barrel by the method of increasing the ribs. When the wall thickness of the barrel is 0.8-1.0 mm, the ring ribs and corrugations will play an even more irreplaceable role in improving the strength of the barrel. During the handling and transportation, the ring ribs and corrugations are due to the contents, especially The shock resonance and the friction heat polymerization generated by the sloshing of the liquid and water-filled contents are correspondingly attenuated, so that the contents are flammable and explosive, and the friction or heat is not reached to reach the flash point. Or the temporary point of discharge.
Regarding the height of the ring ribs, it is considered that it takes 10 to 12 mm according to the practice of many years. After the height of the ring ribs exceeds 12 millimeters, the steel drum is tested by the top of the barrel (or the bottom of the barrel), and the ribs are deformed for a long period of time, and when the height of the ring ribs is within 10 to 12 mm, the ring ribs are not Obvious deformation, its severe deformation surface is between the barrel edge and the top of the barrel (bottom). The test results show that when the height of the ring rib is 10-12 mm, the strength of the barrel is higher, and the height of the corrugation is still 3 mm.
Third, the bottom of the barrel
The bottom of the barrel is the main load-bearing member of the steel drum. Its function requires it to have high strength and rigidity. Therefore, the material matching of the flat bottom barrel is reasonable with unequal thickness matching, that is, the barrel body should be 1.0 mm. 2 mm. But from an economic point of view, this configuration is still not reasonable. For example, the 200-liter steel drum 1.2 mm barrel bottom is more than 0.65 kg of I.0 mm barrel bottom consumption. If the annual demand is still 30 million, and it is arranged in equal thickness, the 200-liter steel barrel is only one barrel bottom per year. It can save 1.95 million tons of material, saving 41.9 million yuan per ton at 4,200 yuan. In other words, if the steel drum of I.0 mm weighs 17.6 kilograms, only one barrel per year, we It can increase 1.10 million steel drums.
In order to improve the strength of the bottom of the barrel, I believe that it is necessary to press a circular corrugation with a width of 15 mm and a depth of 3.5 mm on the bottom of the barrel to give full play to the potential strength of the material.
Fourth, the closure
So far, the closures used in our steel drum production are of the traditional type, and the locking bolts are used to lock the coils on the top of the bucket. This traditional type of closure plays an irreplaceable role in the production of steel drums, but in the sense of environmental protection, since the coil is extended from the barrel and locked on the top of the bucket, the operator's operation The reasons for skills, responsibility and supervision, as well as the locks that we use, are inevitably leaking or potentially leaking as the use is constantly worn and adjusted, resulting in steel drums. Potential fatal flaws and economic losses and environmental pollution.
Although our steel drum production plant has paid attention to the fact that the spiral ring base must be flush with the inner surface of the top of the barrel after the screw lock is installed, it often appears due to inconsistencies in the process methods, process standards, inspection requirements and process supervision levels of the various production plants. The base of the coil protrudes to the inner surface of the top of the bucket to varying degrees. This defect is not specified as a quality indicator in the product standard during the inspection process, and is generally not strictly tested. From the point of view of finished product inspection, as long as it is qualified without any leakage through various performance tests, this defect brings difficulties to the emptying of steel drums.
Since the coil base protrudes from the inner surface of the top of the barrel, when we pour out the contents, no matter how the barrel is tilted, a small amount of contents remains in the barrel. According to the test of the relevant factory, the steel drum still has 0.5~1.0 liters of residual contents in the barrel after the "net" filling, which causes a lot of damage to the contents. We still follow Mr. Yang Wenliang's On the trend of the development of steel drum structure, China's current production of 200 liters of closed barrels of 200 liters, the average residue per 0.7 liters, we will lose 21,000 cubic meters of products per year. If calculated according to different weights and prices, the economic losses can be huge. If other fixed-size closed barrels are added, the economic losses will be much larger than the above estimates. At the same time, most of the steel drum contents are toxic substances, which are steel drums. In the process of stacking after emptying, the residual material leaks due to rust, smashing, bumping and long-term stacking in the stacking code. Some of the residue is directly volatilized into the atmosphere, and some infiltrate the soil and the surface. In the water, it causes serious pollution and endangers the ecological and living environment quality. Therefore, it is necessary to make necessary improvements to the structure of the closure.
The purpose of the closure structure improvement:
1. Eliminate the leakage between the coil and the turn hole that cannot be absolutely avoided due to the lock;
2. Eliminate the unevenness between the base of the coil and the top of the barrel, causing the residue in the barrel after the steel barrel is empty.
The main factors affecting emptying are the structure of the top of the barrel (described) and the structure of the closure. The closure, the author feels the integration (cut on the top of the bucket, turn over the hole, and then directly thread the thread on the wall of the hole) design. The program is said to be the best choice, it achieves the two main purposes of the closure modification, while simplifying the processing of the closure. However, from the feasibility of the process and the analysis of production efficiency, the ideal process route has not been found for a while. For this reason, the author believes that the "slip cap compression" type structure with a spiral ring is still used. This solution guarantees at least the manufacturing processability and production efficiency of the closure.
The capping gland type closure has been designed, processed and tested. The mechanism to be identified is that the coil is located at the outer edge of the flip hole and is locked by the through hole. The inner cap is rigidly sealed and the outer screw cap is spun. Elastic sealing, in order to prevent the spiral ring from being displaced along the circumference of the turning hole when tightening the outer cover, the polygonal base (or flange) of the spiral ring is positioned on the top of the bucket by a spot welding machine, as shown in FIG. 2 .
1-positioning solder joint; 2-sealing ring; 3-coil ring; 4-thread cap; 5-bar top; 6-cover
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the capping plug type closure
The advantages of this program are:
l. The spiral ring no longer protrudes from the inside of the barrel, which fundamentally eliminates the problem that the spiral ring base and the inner surface of the barrel top are not flush, which creates the necessary conditions for the barrel emptying;
2. When the top and bottom of the steel drum are sealed and the straight seam is leak-free, in addition to the population and the venting port, there is no potential problem in the barrel and the passage outside the barrel due to poor cooperation;
3. The distance between the population and the barrel edge can be reduced by 10 to 15 mm, which is conducive to the emptying of the steel drum;
4, no need for the ring, saving a lot of supporting materials, is conducive to reducing costs;
5. The thickness of the coil material is changed from 3.0 mm to 1.5 mm, which saves a lot of metal materials and reduces the cost of the closure;
6, safe and reliable.
Five, accessories
Due to the structure, function and environment requirements of steel drums, steel drums at home and abroad use various auxiliary materials of different brands. The auxiliary materials mainly include sealant for top and bottom sealing, sealing ring and sealing ring for sealing, and inside and outside. There are three major types of coatings for painting.
Sealant. It refers to the gel-like filling used to fill the gap between the top and bottom of the barrel, which acts to achieve the rigid elastic sealing of the bead and improve the leakage resistance of the steel barrel.
In practice, only the sealant is applied to both ends of the bottom cover of the barrel bottom and the barrel, but in the inspection of the finished product, there is still a leak in the barrel. Generally, the curling head is not in place, and the sealing glue is not in place. Failure to locate in the gap at the center of the curling edge or poor flatness of the sealant will result in uneven coating. Some sealant will separate from the bottom cover flange, causing local accumulation and breakage, resulting in lack of glue. Therefore, the steel drum is sealed. The structure requires that the sealant not only has good compatibility with the contents, chemical stability, but also good filming leveling property and corresponding elasticity, aging resistance and adhesion.
Barrel seal. The sealing form of the capping plug type sealer is complementary to the rigid elastic seal, so it is impossible to completely meet the sealing requirement by relying only on the rigid seal, and it must be supplemented by an elastic seal. At the same time, the material of the sealing ring must have the anti-solubility, weather resistance and tearing force corresponding to various contents, so as to ensure the reliability of the barrel sealing, reduce the waste of the sealing ring, reduce the consumption and cost of the sealing ring.
coating. The inner coating has dual functions. The first is to block the contact between the steel drum substrate and the contents, to effectively protect the quality of the contents from reaching the user's hands, and the second is to avoid the corrosion of the steel drum substrate by the contents, causing the steel barrel to rust and seep. Leakage and pollution. Therefore, in addition to the special purpose of steel drums, the internal coatings have corresponding strict requirements, other large steel drums must have a variety of coatings, especially toxic substances, solubility, chemical stability, weather resistance and strong adhesion ( Of course, the adhesion of the coating has a direct influence on the surface treatment quality before the steel drum is coated), the compactness of the coating film, etc., otherwise the coating will lose its proper function.
The first impression is very important, high-quality exterior coatings and mature coating processes are very foggy for the appearance quality of steel drums. In the domestic use of the outer coatings, there are generally after the light burst, light faded, heavy white, falling off and other problems, we in the steel barrel manufacturing process, pay attention to its appearance quality, but after painting, Not so satisfactory. Therefore, for the coating of the export barrel, some production plants simply use the inner and outer plating or galvanized sheet. However, a large amount of acid mist and alkali mist diffused into the air during the electroplating process, and a large amount of waste water seriously pollutes the soil and surface water (especially small township electroplating plants, causing serious damage to the agricultural materials around the plant, and the air quality is seriously deteriorated. Even worse, due to the immature process, the thickness of the coating is low, and some steel barrels are only neatly processed. Once galvanized, it becomes very horrible to become a blue-faced fang. This situation is not popular at home, and exports are not allowed. The recovery and regeneration of galvanizing in steel drums will also have adverse effects on secondary pollution.
Regardless of the inner or outer coating, or galvanizing, we must say the adaptability to the contents, including chemical stability, weather resistance, adhesion; the safety of the processing, such as benzene in the paint for humans Research, development and selection of products and processes in terms of hazards and feasibility of environmental protection requirements, and gradually realize the harmonious development between man and nature.
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