The key technology of UHMWPE fiber made breakthrough and passed the acceptance
Editor's note: In the eyes of modern people, clothing is no longer just a tool for cold and warmth, but has gradually become a carrier for expressing oneself. The "fancy clothes" in the major fashion weeks are the best interpretation of the development trend of personalized clothing. With the support of the key project of "Ultra-Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Key Technology" in the field of new materials in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" 863 Program, Ningbo Dacheng New Material Co., Ltd. and the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Four topics including the "Comprehensive Characterization Technology of Materials" have made important progress and passed the technical acceptance recently.
Lightweight fibers are sought after by downstream apparel companies to satisfy people's continuous pursuit of silky, elegant and light clothing, at the same time, lightweight fibers also save the use of raw materials, in line with the social trend of low-carbon life.
The reporter learned that the varieties of lightweight fibers mainly include continuous cavity, fine denier and ultra fine denier fibers. The fiber manufacturing enterprise redesigned the spinneret and spinning process, adopted a high-speed spinning-drawing process route, and developed a uniform cooling and stable forming side blowing system, coupled with low wind speed, high humidity, and relatively mild cooling conditions And low heat draw ratio and other process methods, you can get a continuous cavity, fine or ultra-fine fiber.
Regarding the definition of fine denier, fine denier and ultrafine denier fibers, there is no uniform standard internationally. China generally refers to fibers with 0.9 to 1.4 dtex as fine denier, 0.55 to 1.1 dtex for fine denier, and fibers below 0.55 dtex for ultrafine denier.
In the textile processing of fine denier fibers, under the same yarn count, the number of cross-sections of the fibers in the yarn will be correspondingly increased, thereby greatly improving the uniformity and strength of the yarn, and during fiber processing, it is also beneficial to improve the yarn count. Because the fineness of fine special chemical fiber is fine and the bending rigidity is small, the appearance of the fabric is fine and clean, the hand is soft and delicate, and the drape is excellent. The representative products of lightweight fibers are shaped nylon 6 fibers and ultra-fine polyester fibers.
Wide range of applications for mid to high-end
Lightweight fiber uses low monofilament linear density and low total denier, making it light, thin and flexible, and effectively combined with the basic functions of clothing. It has light weight, good moisture absorption and quick drying, good breathability, soft hand feeling, anti-pilling, warmth and other excellent taking performance. It is widely used in high-end lightweight fabrics such as sports and leisure apparel, underwear, swimwear, socks and other products.
Lightweight fiber can make fiber products lightweight and fluffy, so it can be used in coral fleece products, such as women's casual jackets, bathrobes, nightgowns, Plush Toys, etc., as well as sofa cushions and car seat covers. Fine denier fiber is very suitable for the artificial silk series. The ultra-thin fabric made with this fiber has a smooth surface, clear texture, fine texture, smooth feel, good moisture absorption and breathability, and can be used in high-end clothing fabrics.
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber is one of the three high-performance fibers in parallel with carbon fiber and aramid fiber. It is an important strategic material and high-tech material. There is a lack of spinning-level special resin production technology, spinning technology and The level of production equipment still has a large gap with developed countries, and has always been a key issue to be solved urgently.
After the fineness of the fiber reaches a certain level, the high-performance cleaning cloth made can absorb dust, particles, liquids and other dirty objects that exceed 7 times its own weight, and can wipe various glasses, film and television equipment, precision instruments, etc. There is no damage to the mirror surface, so this type of product has also been widely used in precision machinery, optical instruments, microelectronics, clean rooms and other fields.
The project improved the performance of catalysts and solvents, developed two grades of fiber-grade UHMWPE resin, established a pilot plant, and formed a 20,000-ton / year fiber-grade UHMWPE resin continuous method industrial production capacity; developed fiber surface modification And other new technologies, developed large-capacity non-continuous gelatinization UHMWPE fiber industrial preparation technology, and the single-line production capacity has been increased to more than 400 tons / year; developed a series of high-performance, lightweight bullet-proof fabrics and other bullet-proof products with high speed and low speed The twisted strand UHMWPE fiber high-strength rope and high-grade covered yarn anti-cutting gloves and other products have achieved industrial mass production and achieved good economic benefits. The project has also established a UHMWPE fiber-grade resin testing enterprise standard, and proposed a proposal for a national standard for fiber-grade UHMWPE resin specifications.
The bulkiness of lightweight fibers also provides the possibility of imitation of artificial fur. Suede, artificial leather and other products made by raising, sanding and post-processing have the characteristics of light and soft, smooth surface, waterproof and breathable, good strength, no deformation, etc. It is widely used in sofa fabrics, automotive interiors and other fields . The reporter learned that Qilu Acrylic Fiber Factory aimed at the field of high-end underwear and started the development of fine denier fiber at the beginning of this year. Process technicians conducted in-depth research on improving the spinning process, oil formulation, online drawing equipment, etc., conducted four production trials, and produced a total of 1.8 tons of three different specifications of fine denier fiber samples. Trial spinning was conducted, and the spinnability was better, which was recognized by users.
Variety variety leads new trends
In addition to the development needs of the conventional civilian field, in recent years, the field of protective clothing has also developed requirements for lighter weight. Some experts believe that protective clothing is not comfortable to wear: First, the fibers used in protective products generally require high strength and high modulus or some special functions. In order to obtain these functions, most functional fibers have a higher linear density; second, to increase the protective performance, most Protective textiles are densely woven, and the fixed weight per square meter is large. Third, most textiles for protective clothing are processed after finishing, which further increases the fixed weight, which leads to poor protective clothing, impervious to breathability, and excessive clothing. Problems such as poor wearing comfort. These problems can be solved by using lightweight fibers.
In response to market demand, Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd. has focused on fine denier research in the research and development of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers. Company researcher Jiang Runxi believes that in the future, in the application fields of protective and civil products, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers will take the fine-denier route. Fine denier can not only improve the comfort of the product, but also help to improve the strength and modulus of the product, which is an important aspect of upgrading high-performance fiber products.
Of course, when the light-weight fiber caused a trend, it also brought about problems that the production technology needs to overcome. Experts pointed out that during high-speed warping, the tension pads, guide bars, and static electricity eliminators of light-weight fibers should be kept clean to prevent the accumulation of dust and static electricity. The hardness of the warp beam should be appropriate so that the retraction of the inner and outer layers tends to be balanced. Pay attention to the cleanliness of the yarn guides during the sizing process. The fine denier yarn has a larger surface area and more slurry absorption than the ordinary yarn. Therefore, the sizing rate is higher. An oiling device should be used and the hardness of the pulp shaft is moderate. Moreover, when dyeing fibers, special attention should be paid to controlling level dyeing. The total surface area of ​​the fine denier fiber is larger than that of the conventional fiber, the product has a larger contact surface with the dye, it is easy to adsorb the dye, the dyeing speed is fast, the dye consumption is large, the dyeing is not easy to be uniform, and the light fastness and wet fastness are poor. All these need to be overcome by production enterprises in actual operation.
The implementation of this project has improved the technical level of UHMWPE fiber in China, developed a series of high-performance downstream products, reached the foreign similar product index, and improved the competitiveness of China's UHMWPE resin, fiber and composite products in the international market.
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